PSG has now secured the prestigious cup on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital leveler in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.